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Benvinguts i benvingudes a la sessió de la tarda. Com sabeu, la conferència s'impartirà en anglès.
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Disposeu del PowerPoint traduït al català fotocopiat.
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Amb molt de gust, a la sessió final, si cal algun aclariment lingüístic, jo mateixa m'ofereixo a fer-lo amb molt de gust a nivell individual.
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Si es volen formular preguntes es poden fer tranquil·lament en català i les traduirem. D'acord?
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Doncs passem a presentar a la Doctora Pam Alldred
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És per mi un gran honor poder presentar-la ja que tenim amb nosaltres una doctora que gaudeix d'un currículum realment impressionant.
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Actualment és professora titular de la Universitat de Brunel, concretament del departament d' estudis de joventut i educació. Tanmateix, la seva llicenciatura és en psicologia però ens trobem davant d'una persona molt interdisciplinària com ho és el nostr
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Ella va fer també un postgrau en estudis culturals, un altre en educació superior, i la seva tesi doctoral està molt relacionada al tema que ens presentarà avui.
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Es titolava "Fit to Parent, Psychology, Acknowledge and Popular Debate".
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És a dir, per dir-ho d'alguna manera, ens adaptem els pares? Com estem adaptats a ser pares o mares? Psicologia, coneixement i debat popular.
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00:01:35:00
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Actualment, molta de la seva dedicació està implicada en l'ensenyament de postgrau. Ella supervisa moltes tesis doctorals, cinc li sembla que acabaran aquest mes de juny,
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A més a més, moltes de la seva recerca està destinada a Màsters i cursos de postgrau sobretot en especialitzats en joventut i en treball comunitari. Una disciplina molt més habitual a Gran Bretanya que no pas aquí entre nosaltres.
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Ha desenvolupat moltes tasques administratives dins de la universitat, per exemple, va ser la persona que s'ocupava de l'àrea de igualtat i diversitat i discapacitat de la Universitat de Brunel durant molts anys...
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Abans d'ocupar aquest càrrec com a professora de la Universitat de Brunel, va ser Research Fellow, que podríem dir Recercadora en català, d'un programa anomenat Sexe i Relacions en les polítiques educatives.
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Un altre, també, el fet de compartir la maternitat i treball pagat.
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Ha combinat sempre, al llarg de la seva trajectòria, projectes de recerca amb ensenyament universitari i també amb projectes concrets destinats a grups socials determinats.
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En aquest sentit ha treballat molt en educació i en diferents sectors dins de la carrera educativa i abans d'incorporar-se a Brunel, havia estat professora de Sout Bank University i també de la Universitat de North London.
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Bé, el seu currículum és realment molt llarg, en faig una breu síntesi.
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Ha participat en molts panels internacionals assessorant projectes internacionals vinculats, com anem veient, sobre joventut, educació social, salut... tant a Gran Bretanya com a Barcelona.
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Va participar en un projecte molt interessant que coordinava el nostre company Gerard Coll Planas, per l'ajuntament de Barcelona molt vinculat a les actituds homofòbiques.
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També ha treballat molt amb anàlisi del discurs, ha treballat també amb aquelles esperances i limitacions feministes pel que fa a l'educació,
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Bé, té molts articles en revistes indexades, molts capítols de llibre.
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Ha treballat molt sobre, com ja deia, homofòbia, homonormativitat i què és el que significa ser una bona dona un bon home.
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També ha treballat molt sobre valors i joventut tant en adolescents noies com en sexualitat i adolescents nois amb títols com ara "Què és important al cap del dia?". També "Què són els valors si és que es poden mesurar?".
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00:04:48:00
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Altres com ara "Making the Right Connections, Knowledge, Power in Academic Networking" és a dir, fent aquelles connexions apropiades, adequades; coneixement i poder en el món acadèmic.
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També ha treballat aplicant l'anàlisi del discurs en escoltar i entendre les veus de la mainada.
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En aquest sentit ha treballat també la negociació que fan la mainada, els nens, les nenes i els joves quan negocien les relacions a l'escola i a casa.
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També un dels seus temes de recerca més importants ha estat tot el tractament del que és l'embaràs adolescent i té molts estudis vinculats a aquest tema fins i tot alguns d'ells encarregats pels governs de Gran Bretanya.
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00:05:42:00
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M'agradaria dir també que ha actuat com a coordinadora i editora de revistes molt importants indexades internacionals i que actualment està editant una edició especial destinada a l'educació sexual de la revista sex education que es titula "Obstacles per
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Amb tot això només vull dir que és un honor per la Universitat de Vic comptar amb una conferenciant d'aquest nivell. Agraïm en Gerard Coll Planas, tota la feina que ha fet en aquest sentit i ara li donem la paraula per a que en puguem gaudir tots plegats.
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Thank you for staying for a paper in English.
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So this paper asks: “it's queer theory relevant to the study of parenting today?”
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How could he be helpful. And in a sense I'm going back to a theme developed in my phD were twenty years ago
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"Analysis of UK Parenting Debates"
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And I'm hoping that I'll work with Gerard
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Soon we will put... test this out with new data on looking up at an Anglo Spanish comparison
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... the idea of bringing someone home to meet the parents of course references a particular family structure, a structure in which we are seeking approval from our parents for a partner.
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approval from our parents for a partner.
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But I think it probably is recognizable across Catholic, non catholic Christian non Christian cultures.
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Christian nor Christian cultures the partners seeking acceptance...
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The partners seeking acceptance.
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And I liked it because it brings together queer theory in parents together
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It says that there's a question, it may not work, It may, It may be suitable, it may not be acceptable.
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It may be suitable
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It may not be acceptable and It's quite evocative for those of us whose partners don't always meet with approval from our parents or others
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It's quite evocative for those whose partners don't always meet with approval from our parents or others.
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It also gives us a qualitative answer that might change over time
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So okay... So it's a simple structure over these two questions:
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What could queer theory offer the study of parenting?
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And secondly: is performativity already taken up in popular discourses? Okay so that's the structure
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Okay and I'm afraid as I've already confessed to someone there are
no actual empirical, there no actual parents in this.
It's a look at what Theoretical framework My help
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It's a look at what theoretical framework might help.
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So the data is drawn from different legal popular culture sites
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No real parents I'm afraid
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Okay although of course I come back to this question of studying parents now now as a parent
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So that's quite different
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I suspect I will approach this differently
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In some ways that will be their something
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So the first question what can Queer theory or for the study Okay so I don't know how many people work with queer theory
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My argument is that its application much more broadly than to study gender that it's not only for the study of gender or sexuality that
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it's a way of exploring subjectivity on ways in which dominant and less dominant understandings of subjectivity come to be meaningful to individuals through the repeated performance over time .
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So is that quite familiar framework to a lot of people? I think maybe across the disciplines that's perhaps quite common.
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So just a very very basic outline coming from a feminist political theory and LGBT studies in the early nineties combining Foucault and psychoanalysis particularly in Judith Butler 's work
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emphasizes or demonstrates the cultural nature of what we take to be personal experiences of identity demonstrated particularly through the way the agenda is constituted through a hedge sexuality matrix and the way these Co-define.
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a hedge sexuality matrix on the way these Co-define okay demonstrates the performative nature of identity and destabilizes identity politics or any appeal
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Demonstrates the performative nature of identity and destabilizes identity politics or any appeal to essential eyes identities .
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to essential eyes identities
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Okay so we reached a similar point through are similar emergence from this
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This same problem is in sexuality which I know some of you are walking well anyway so this image this for me is there's probably
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which I know some of you are working on as well anyway.
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So this image this for me... this is probably meaningful to you.
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meaningful to you
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Historical images off second wave feminism Gay liberation Black Civil rights movement Of the nineteen sixty eight Olympics Olympics mentioned didn't black power salute
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Black Power salute.
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And these are these are very important as I critique theoretically auras I critique of theoretical basis
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They're very important parts of the story and my experience in the politics that I drove from so they're probably evocative to you
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and of my experience of the politics that I drove from so they're probably evocative to you.
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They're each a form of identity politics
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On the theoretical approach any post structuralist approaches thoroughly undermine on identity politics perspective
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So circles around race gender sexual orientation they needed an essential subject they needed a subject to organize around
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But we now argue that there is no unitary subject of woman too up to organize around Northants take black or gay subject whose experience
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could be assumed and therefore whose politics he assumed
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So what might the relevance of queen theory be to contemporary maternity and paternity I'll be very careful about how you used those words because
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I think they think there's issues of translation in maternity and paternity work
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And certainly in English they are
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They have very different meanings their resident quite different where the meaning of eternity can be quite narrowly biological
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It's the word
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Parenting is the inclusive performative act that could be gender neutral
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Okay so my argument is that the notion of performative ity is off direct relevance to the work I'll talk to this and minute is
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a bright rodents to the work of doing parenting of meeting the needs ofthe children
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Theon paid work and moreover it's highly sympathetic to feminists aims on DH
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It could be very useful platform for advancing feminist in critical Ames
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So I'm hoping that the focus on the doing of parenting might help meet socialist feminist demands to recognize the productive labor involved in parenting
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Although there is a caveat here this is complicated because the more we use a general mutual term the more we risk not recognizing where
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the work is actually done aware that distribution labor actually happens in many places Still well it's not shared
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Secondly focusing on the doing of charity might also help lesbian gay bisexual campaigns to value parenting by same sex couples
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And thirdly it might help to dislodge or to avoid gender centralism which feminist on trans organizations have called What sounds movements of called for
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Okay the have how did this happen So by eliminating maternal and paternal ident it is tied to gente essential ized agenda on the notion
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that mothering is essentially different activity to father
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Got to parenting by men I have to say parenting violent
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By focusing on the doing the actual labor not being
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On by disregarding identities and instead Schiff shifting focus to relationships
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Okay so that's question warm about what it might offer in practice
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In practice, what do I think Popular culture... What's the relevance of popular culture?
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What What do I think Popular culture What's the relevance of popular culture Certainly I think fairly on controversial I think certainly there's already a
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Certainly I think fairly uncontroversial. I think certainly there's already a recognition of distinction between social parents and biological parents in popular culture.
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recognition of distinction between social parents and biological parents in popular culture schools schools and other bodies
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Schools and other bodies and other organizations commonly recognize parents and carriers: step parents recognition of children from previous relationships and reconstituted families as we sometimes say in english.
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Other organizations commonly you know recognize parents and carriers step parents recognition of children from previous relationships and reconstituted families
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We sometimes say in English great invention in policy on DH in practice off children in the care of the state
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Great dimension in policy and in practice of children in the care of the state.
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So there's much more visibility there as well on every day reference amongst children to Dad's girlfriend mom mom's boyfriend at one's girlfriend but an
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understanding that relationships have a sequential historical order
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Oops Before I am before I tell too optimistic a story because I guess this is an optimistic story
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I just want to give a little bit of context in the UK a little bit of the background of the UK which isn't quite
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so positive
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This is a very class status
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A very economically classed society I don't see isn't that gender sexual orientation on DH liberal notion of the family as the private from which
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I don't say that gender sexual orientation and the liberal notion of the family as the private from which the state's interference might not be welcome.
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the state's interference might not be welcome on
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That's not when it comes from both the left on the right
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Libertarian
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Okay so this is still in popular memory's a little bit of an old cartoon but it's still in popular memory
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Now this is a politician
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It's a conservative politician whose family is the family of his party
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Is the party of the family okay on He has another expected love child
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Well he's in the middle of espousing these quite vitriolic discourses ofthe people who have children outside wedlock outside of marriage
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Okay And it happened tio
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What was quite amusing was in where the family values rhetoric was strongest in Margaret Thatcher's government
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There were two or three
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I think there were three Tory MPs who had extra children not with their wives so there was some accounting being done
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What was very interesting was the class rupturing hear so well whilst the people on benefits welfare recipients who were having babies they were the
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so well whilst the people on benefits, welfare recipients who were having babies, they were the problem
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problem
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If it was an M P that was that they were they were responsible
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They was making good financially so that they don't
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The popular notion that we had of absent fathers didn't apply to them and they seemed to be a class on financial a money kind
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of privilege
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Okay
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This was a little bit of a reminder of how mothers get blamed for the family
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So if the family is not seen as food enough for children it tends to be mother's fault
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Okay so this one's this one
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Yeah
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Comes over okay
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Okay sexual orientation
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We have S O
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We have civil partnership recognition employment and pension rights way were nudged along by Europe
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I think he was coming anyway on a relatively relatively good equalities act from TV Hisako that has five strongest quality
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on a relatively good equalities act from two (2) years ago, that has five strongest quality...
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This campaign is quite interesting because this was I use this a lot because it was designed by your people
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I like the fact that it's it's very much reflects your people expecting the first that their most popular image is some people again
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Get over it
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So the problem is the home of Oak Creek
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That's the problem
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This is the next one which is sort of also implying Yeah yeah let's let's move on one of the issues we still facing the
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current issues
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I think the the front line of the politics of this in the UK are about marriage
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Where there's quite a divided community is very fractured about the meanings
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So civil partnership
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But then what about marriage Okay Andi think that's quite similar That splits its restaurants
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And I think that's quite similar in Ireland.
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Make going on in in Ireland
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I just wanted to say yeah this is still upon London buses
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Current campaign thiss image
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Yeah I said that I was going to get these air
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These are actually a couple from the States, they just got married...
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I love this image because there's a woman saying between them if anyone can tell me who this is filming and I don't know...
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What the imagery is exactly saying but I'm sure some with visual...
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Well I defer to my visual literacy colleagues.
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I usually I usually use this; so, in the UK it's only certain liberal churches who will conduct a blessing .
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I'd only use this to talk about how the hegemony is maintained,
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so which relationships get recognized,
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so how monogamous relationships to, in this case, to upstanding members of the community soldiers and captains clean shaven healthy able bodied young man...
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Is that's the one that's that's made decent monogamous by marriage so that the threat is sanitized if you like.
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So normativity abound
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normativity abound: hetero sex is a powerful one.
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Yet I'm arguing that popular culture has shifted from expecting only a mother and father to raise a child.
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There is some irony deployed around the family on the assumption... there is there is in the assumption that the family always means the same thing or always means the same to the occupants of it
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Okay... I think lesbian mothers are much more acceptable today than gay Father's still.
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But of course, you know, I'm going to talk about lesbian mothers from two parts, to bits of research I've done over separated by about fifteen years.
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But of course I want to sort of stress that there are always being mothers who are lesbians
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There have always been fathers who are gay men and a difference now is a visibility on respectability and acceptability
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but I do think especially in the UK this is very classed.
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It's much easier if you're a middle class parent to or if you're in the middle class community to be an out lesbian or if you have money.
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If you're on benefits and you are attracting attention any other way
you may feel less confident about this, about sexualty.
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So I'm going to say something briefly about the law even though I'm not a lawyer. So, I'll just give you a little gesture there
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And then I'm gonna look at popular discourse advice literature about psychology popular psychology and talk about a little bit about lesbian mothers.
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So, the law firmly established in the law we have in the law for England and Wales we have the notion of parental responsibility.
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So this is for twenty years most
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Most of the law on all the law is unjust ended now
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So students employees employers it's all spouse where it means Americana
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It's all completely engendered
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The notion of parental responsibility does do the work ofthe separating out partnering from parenting
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It does do what I think is a really significant bit of work here
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And I think then finally it's a slightly separate strand
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There's a general move across the benefit system to be conditional
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Welfare benefits are conditional
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You have to meet a contract
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00:22:48:00
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There's a deal
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00:22:49:00
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Okay so you get these benefits
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00:22:51:00
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If you do a certain thing it's conditional OK And I think that's a little bit stronger in the U
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00:22:56:00
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K big closer to the U
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00:22:58:00
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Model than it is in stone
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00:23:00:00
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That's my understanding
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00:23:01:00
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But you're correct
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00:23:03:00
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Okay
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00:23:04:00
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So yeah that's so you are required to do something in order to get that benefit
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00:23:08:00
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It's not about need
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00:23:09:00
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It's about you fulfilling your contract
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00:23:12:00
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Okay one of the part of law that's being discussed several times but it hasn't come to legal policy yet is the idea that parents
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00:23:21:00
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might take a vow to get a child so modeled on the marriage vow but completely independent off it So the idea that the parents
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00:23:33:00
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make might make a vow of ongoing care to a child
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00:23:36:00
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Don't
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00:23:37:00
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If that's a discussion in Spain it will not
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00:23:40:00
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Not not familiar
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00:23:41:00
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This is a criticism you know
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00:23:44:00
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Jackie Fleming is a popular feminist cartoonist
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00:23:48:00
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This is you know a little a little dig at it the thing you need to know
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00:23:55:00
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So I solemnly found to care for this child as long as I live is the power of the months
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00:23:59:00
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Making on the woman saying is as long as I live longer than till death us do part till death us do part being worse
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00:24:06:00
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It's in the marriage ceremony
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00:24:07:00
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So that's a sort of those kind of questions about What does this mean What What what difference does it make Okay don't say that
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00:24:16:00
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So Secondly in popular discourse
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00:24:21:00
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So in my phD data I look at the way discourse off parenting is being increasingly psychologized
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00:24:29:00
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All the way in which psychology is discourses of psychology are democratized on quite floral so that parents Khun drawn discourses off psychology or a
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00:24:41:00
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subjective or emotional or the particular child or actual relationships
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00:24:47:00
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So I mean the topic of psychology
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00:24:49:00
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The leader roughly the area the terrain of psychology and parents might draw on those in actual fact it to combat official expertise
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00:24:59:00
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They might actually be resistant discourses
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00:25:03:00
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Okay so multiple
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00:25:04:00
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Ways of appealing to psychology as relationship or a subjective that might also alter the power relations between experts and parents.
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00:25:15:00
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And I looked at this particularly in relation to alternative parents Green and lesbian gay parents
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00:25:21:00
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Oh! and the feminist parenting literature,
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00:25:23:00
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and I'm hoping I hope in the future we'll go back
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00:25:27:00
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and look at this in the Internet resources available...
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00:25:31:00
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The parent to parent advice
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00:25:33:00
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The mom to Mom advice and
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00:25:34:00
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the particularly in the Lesbian
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00:25:36:00
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Gay Parenting. Okay...
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00:25:43:00
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Net Mom's: Net moms and moms.net are very popular forums in the UK A huge number of pages,
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00:25:50:00
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a huge wealth of resource on all the health... Health education legal personal relationship...
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00:25:59:00
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All kind of types of different statuses of knowledge as well.
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00:26:04:00
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Sometimes expert delivered sometimes referenced, sometimes middle-of-the-night postings about what to do with a child with a certain type of illderness.
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00:26:12:00
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A very commonly used resource on a very broad resource clearly reflects diversed families. Clearly has structured into it
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00:26:25:00
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(Net Mom have something in particular here) clearly has structured into it recognition of social parents and that these might not be biological parents; very clearly.
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00:26:34:00
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Okay
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00:26:36:00
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And finally Positive Parenting
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00:26:38:00
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So I think this is a discourse that has some resonance here but certainly this is absolutely predominant now in UK parenting discourse.
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00:26:48:00
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A few years ago it was a discourse of slightly alternative middle class emotionally sensitive parenting.
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00:26:57:00
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Now it's given out by health visitors
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00:27:00:00
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All the professionals who work around children will hand out a little leaflets or a note for you fridge.
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00:27:05:00
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of ten points of positive parenting.
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00:27:07:00
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Familiar? Maybe familiar.
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00:27:11:00
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One of the key things that I mean several of the things that are seemingly very obvious
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00:27:17:00
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One of the things that's quite notable there is about this: criticized the behavior not the child. And this resonates with education
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00:27:24:00
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So We've worked on this a lot on education as well for teachers.
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00:27:30:00
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Here, two little examples (sorry the blue doesn't work very well, does it? Sorry).
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00:27:34:00
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The key criticisim instrument
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00:27:36:00
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only criticises behavior not your child
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00:27:38:00
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Okay... that was a bad thing to do not your child
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00:27:42:00
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And similar
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00:27:43:00
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This movement, though, is part of a way a way bigger discourse.
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00:27:47:00
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There is now an organization of the native positive parents in the UK a campaign by one of the big child charities on a huge amount
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00:27:55:00
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of Web resources under this term some of which actually coming from slightly different places so some of which are a "Please don't hit your child" intervention.
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00:28:04:00
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And I mean interventions
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00:28:09:00
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And some of which are... many of which are being sponsored by the goverment and some of which are from a more alternative perspective arriving in a similar point.
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00:28:20:00
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Psychologization of parenting
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00:28:24:00
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So I think the fact that now.. having forbid the return to a Parsonian model of the family where we're talking about family structures or broken families,
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00:28:35:00
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I mean we don't hear that phrase in the UK anymore,
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00:28:38:00
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we don't talk about broken families or somebody would correct themselves.
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00:28:41:00
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It's not an object it's not a vase that can be broken and that language isn't having a drawn on because of a triumph of psychological language off relationship.
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00:28:54:00
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So a recognition that is the relationships that are important not the structures.
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00:28:58:00
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So in this sense I think we can argue that there is,
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00:29:01:00
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it is post identity in the sense that we're not stuck on the identities and who's doing it. We're looking at relationships and qualities.
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00:29:10:00
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And in that sense that's a psychological move that I like even though I'm mostly writing against psychology and criticizing psychology,
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00:29:17:00
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In this case I like that move.
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00:29:22:00
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So I could go to my lesbian mothers data and look at where their discussions fit with this. What kind of model, what kind of discurse the parenting they are drawing on...
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00:29:32:00
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And I could examine how gender normative and how radical and how feminist informed that parenting is
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00:29:38:00
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but to do that.. I don't want to do that but...
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00:29:40:00
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to do that is to assume that it's taken identity politics type of assumption.
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00:29:45:00
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It's to assume that we have groups of people under this label and that we have a typology that works...
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00:29:51:00
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Okay so yeah yeah
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00:29:53:00
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First I wasn't given example
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00:29:54:00
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It is easy to find examples of this in the literature and well in the literature and in my data you know women saying "Let
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00:30:02:00
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lesbian saying, you know, I made sure he had men around him
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00:30:06:00
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and I made sure he knew men.
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00:30:09:00
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You know this kind of psychologically narrowed idea that role models... well... the narrow idea of role models.
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00:30:15:00
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But then the idea that they need to be just just outside the family door you know otherwise they might not notice that men exist.
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00:30:21:00
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I mean it's... I think it's quit... it comes from a defensive position, it's a very... it's a very impoverished bit of psychology, I think.
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00:30:32:00
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And it's It's understandable response to stigmatize parents who've been stigmatized, of course.
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00:30:41:00
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Not of a problematic thing to write, I have to say. Parenting classes.
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00:30:57:00
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So I think this is finally penultimate.
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00:31:00:00
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So parenting classes in the last few years, on the last ten years really, the rise of parenting classes as first an optional and nowa compulsory thing.
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00:31:10:00
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So government funded. Usually required for families who are a problem or have problems (A very easy slip between two),
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00:31:18:00
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usually poor families usually connected to benefits.
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00:31:24:00
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That's the carrot and the stick, you know there there are benefits withdrawals If you don't attend.
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00:31:28:00
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They can be absolutely conditional.
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00:31:31:00
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And they could be... sometimes these interventions in families where there is violence ...
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00:31:40:00
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The point I wanna make by these is that they're clearly an adjective intervention.
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00:31:44:00
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So the idea is very clearly that parenting is something that can be learned and we could be trained in, educated in.
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00:31:51:00
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There's huge huge on different levels of criticism of this though strong criticism and weak criticism.
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00:31:57:00
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I guess on criticism from the left on the right as well as
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00:32:04:00
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general general skepticism which I think this is more of an example of...
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00:32:10:00
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We'll just let you look at this.
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00:32:13:00
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Can you see what's happening? The one of the childs is cooking the cat while the other child is drinking bleach and he's looking you see... I don't read this...
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00:32:22:00
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It's interesting
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00:32:23:00
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I don't read this as a criticism of the father of a man
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00:32:27:00
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Particularly don't read this is particular gender
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00:32:29:00
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I read it as a sort of a criticism of the over intellectual ization or something or a kind of but what I'm not sure
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00:32:36:00
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I should email us with a laughs country
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00:32:45:00
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Okay Frank
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00:32:46:00
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For a disease for instance is one of the people who's linked with that from a mile left libertarian position
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00:32:52:00
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Okay... So to conclude: Do my parents like queer theory does it pass, Is it acceptable or even a good thing?
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00:33:00:00
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Could they grow to appreciate each other? Um... this is not the version I thought it was...
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00:33:08:00
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So we could clearly see how the parent operates as a performative identity.
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00:33:14:00
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It's something that is an identification produced through a repeat repetitive doing that those acts that comprise parenting whatever the subjective relation to it originally.
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00:33:26:00
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And I think it would be interesting to maybe discuss this with people who didn't expect to be a parent or suddenly became a parent through other relationships.
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00:33:38:00
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And clearly there's an argument that it could be post identity.
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00:33:41:00
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There was a separation of partnership from parental relationships and a clear distinction between these and as a more relational definition which is an orientation that focus more on matters of relationship than identity.
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00:33:54:00
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Doesn't matter who you are but what you do for those children; where the former is a subjective that the performativity is a more of a subjective and the latter more a sociological phenomenon.
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00:34:06:00
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So, my thesis is that there has been this general shift towards the more performative model of parentingand a former post identity parenting in this particular pocket of Europe and I'm very interested to see how widespread that this is meaningful here an
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00:34:26:00
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These may be two separate issues.
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00:34:27:00
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Thank you
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